Quick answer
In the UK, you pay Inheritance Tax in England and Wales because estates typically exceed the £325,000 (gov.uk — Inheritance Tax) nil-rate band, with tax levied at 40% on amounts above this threshold. This allowance, frozen until 5 April 2027, means many families face a significant tax bill when inheriting property, savings, and possessions. However, reliefs and exemptions may reduce your liability—for instance, transfers between spouses are generally exempt, and gifts made more than seven years before death typically fall outside the taxable estate. Understanding these rules is essential for effective planning. This guide explains Inheritance Tax thresholds in 2026/27, available reliefs and exemptions, and how strategic estate planning can help minimise your family’s tax burden.
Last reviewed: 24 May 2026 by the MP Estate Planning editorial team. Jurisdiction: England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland have different probate and intestacy rules; the IHT thresholds are UK-wide.
When a loved one passes away, families in the UK are not only dealing with the emotional aftermath but also with the complexities of Inheritance Tax. We understand that navigating these challenges can be daunting, which is why we’re here to provide clarity and guidance.
In the UK, Inheritance Tax is levied on the estate of the deceased, including property, money, and possessions, at a rate of 40% on the value above the £325,000 threshold. This tax can significantly impact the assets families wish to pass down to their loved ones.
As experienced professionals, we help families understand and manage their assets wisely. Understanding the implications of Inheritance Tax is crucial for effective estate planning, ensuring that your family’s future is safeguarded.
Key Takeaways
- Inheritance Tax is charged at 40% on the estate’s value above £325,000.
- Effective estate planning is crucial to mitigate the impact of Inheritance Tax.
- Understanding Inheritance Tax implications helps in safeguarding your family’s assets.
- Professional guidance can provide clarity and support in navigating Inheritance Tax complexities.
- Families can benefit from wise asset management strategies to minimise tax liabilities.
Understanding Inheritance Tax Basics
Three rule changes you may need to consider (2026/27)
1. Pensions become subject to IHT from 6 April 2027. Most unused defined-contribution pension pots currently sit outside the estate for IHT — that ends on 6 April 2027 (gov.uk policy paper). HMRC estimates around 10,500 estates will face IHT for the first time as a result.
2. Business and agricultural property reliefs capped at £2.5m per person from 6 April 2026. Above the cap, only 50% relief applies — effective IHT of 20%. AIM shares dropped to 50% relief and do not use the £2.5m allowance (Saffery — APR/BPR reforms).
3. The NRB, RNRB and £2m taper threshold are frozen until 5 April 2031 following the 2024 and 2025 Budgets (gov.uk — NRB and RNRB freeze). With inflation, more estates will be pulled into IHT each year — a process commonly called “fiscal drag.”
Understanding the basics of Inheritance Tax is crucial for anyone looking to manage or inherit assets from a deceased family member’s estate. Inheritance Tax is a significant consideration in the UK, affecting many families when dealing with the estate of a loved one.
What is Inheritance Tax?
Inheritance Tax is a tax on the total value of a deceased person’s estate before it is distributed to their beneficiaries. The tax is usually paid by the estate’s executors, who are responsible for managing the estate’s assets and liabilities.
The current threshold for Inheritance Tax in the UK is £325,000. If the estate’s value exceeds this threshold, Inheritance Tax is levied at a rate of 40% on the amount above the threshold. However, there are certain exemptions and reliefs available that can reduce the tax liability.
Key Facts:
- The standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%.
- The tax threshold is £325,000.
- Executors are typically responsible for paying Inheritance Tax.
Who is liable to pay Inheritance Tax?
The liability for paying Inheritance Tax typically falls on the executors of the estate. Executors are responsible for filing the Inheritance Tax return and paying any tax due within 12 months from the end of the month in which the deceased died.
| Role | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| Executors | File Inheritance Tax return and pay tax due. |
| Beneficiaries | May receive assets after tax has been paid. |
“Inheritance Tax can significantly impact the distribution of an estate, making it essential to understand its implications for effective estate planning.” –
Understanding the reasons behind Inheritance Tax and its implications can help individuals plan their estates more effectively, potentially reducing the tax burden on their beneficiaries.
The Rates of Inheritance Tax in the UK
Understanding the rates of Inheritance Tax is crucial for effective estate planning in the UK. The current system is designed to balance the need for public revenue with the rights of individuals to pass on their wealth.
Current Tax Rate Overview
The standard Inheritance Tax rate is 40%, charged on the estate’s value above the £325,000 threshold. This rate applies to the portion of the estate that exceeds this threshold.
To illustrate how this works, consider the following example:
| Estate Value | Inheritance Tax Calculation | Tax Liability |
|---|---|---|
| £400,000 | £400,000 – £325,000 = £75,000 | £75,000 * 40% = £30,000 |
| £500,000 | £500,000 – £325,000 = £175,000 (gov.uk — RNRB) | £175,000 * 40% = £70,000 |
Tax Thresholds and Allowances
There are several allowances that can reduce the Inheritance Tax liability. For instance, transfers between spouses are generally exempt from Inheritance Tax, and certain gifts made during one’s lifetime can also be exempt if they fall within specific guidelines.
- Transfers to spouses or civil partners are exempt from Inheritance Tax.
- Gifts made more than seven years before the donor’s death are typically exempt from Inheritance Tax.
- Annual gifts up to £3,000 are exempt from Inheritance Tax.
It’s essential to stay informed about these thresholds and allowances to minimize Inheritance Tax liability. We recommend consulting with a financial advisor to tailor an estate plan that meets your specific needs.
The Importance of Inheritance Tax
Inheritance Tax is a critical component of the UK’s tax system, contributing to the government’s revenue. As we navigate the complexities of Inheritance Tax, it’s essential to understand its significance in funding public services and addressing wealth inequality.
Funding Public Services
Inheritance Tax plays a vital role in supporting the UK’s public services. The revenue generated from Inheritance Tax contributes to funding essential public services, including:
- The NHS and healthcare services
- Education and educational institutions
- Social care and welfare programs
By contributing to these services, Inheritance Tax helps ensure that the UK’s public infrastructure remains robust and effective. As noted by a financial expert, “Inheritance Tax is not just a tax on the deceased; it’s a vital source of revenue for the government to fund public goods and services.”
“The tax system, including Inheritance Tax, is designed to redistribute wealth and support public services that benefit society as a whole.”
Addressing Wealth Inequality
Inheritance Tax also has implications for wealth distribution in the UK. By taxing inheritances, the government aims to reduce wealth inequality by redistributing wealth from larger estates to fund public services and social welfare programs.
| Wealth Distribution Mechanism | Impact on Society |
|---|---|
| Inheritance Tax | Reduces wealth concentration among a few individuals |
| Revenue Redistribution | Funds public services and social welfare, benefiting the broader population |
As we consider the implications of Inheritance Tax, it’s clear that this tax plays a multifaceted role in the UK’s financial and social landscape.
Exemptions and Reliefs
Understanding exemptions and reliefs is crucial for reducing your Inheritance Tax liability. When planning your estate, it’s essential to be aware of the various exemptions and reliefs available that can significantly reduce the tax burden on your beneficiaries.
Spousal Exemption
One of the most significant exemptions is the spousal exemption. Transfers between spouses are exempt from Inheritance Tax. This means that if you leave your estate to your spouse, it will not be subject to Inheritance Tax, providing you with more flexibility in planning your estate. For more information on how Inheritance Tax works, you can visit our page on whether you pay taxes on inheritance in the.
Charitable Donations Relief
Charitable donations can also qualify for Inheritance Tax relief. If you leave a significant portion of your estate to charity, you may be eligible for a reduced Inheritance Tax rate. Specifically, if 10% or more of your net estate is left to charity, the rate of Inheritance Tax on the remaining estate is reduced from 40% to 36%. This not only benefits charity but also reduces the tax burden on your estate.
To illustrate the potential benefits of these exemptions and reliefs, consider the following example:
| Estate Value | Charitable Donation | Inheritance Tax Rate | Inheritance Tax Liability |
|---|---|---|---|
| £500,000 | £50,000 (10%) | 36% | £162,000 |
| £500,000 | £0 | 40% | £200,000 |
As shown in the table, making charitable donations can lead to a lower Inheritance Tax rate, resulting in a reduced tax liability. It’s essential to consider these exemptions and reliefs when planning your estate to ensure that your beneficiaries receive the maximum benefit.
How Inheritance Tax is Calculated
The calculation of Inheritance Tax in the UK involves several key factors, primarily the total value of the deceased’s estate, minus any debts, funeral expenses, and certain deductions.
The Role of the Estate’s Value
The estate’s total value is the starting point for calculating Inheritance Tax. This includes:
- Property, such as the main residence and any other real estate
- Financial assets, including savings, investments, and pensions
- Personal possessions, like jewelry, art, and other valuables
We must consider the total value of these assets to determine the estate’s worth.
Deductions and Allowable Expenses
Certain deductions and expenses can reduce the estate’s value, thereby lowering the Inheritance Tax liability. These may include:
- Funeral expenses
- Outstanding debts, such as mortgages, loans, and credit cards
- Inheritance Tax reliefs on certain assets, like business property or agricultural land
It’s essential to keep accurate records of these expenses and deductions to ensure the correct calculation of Inheritance Tax.
By understanding how Inheritance Tax is calculated, individuals can better plan their estates to reduce tax liabilities and ensure more of their wealth is passed to their loved ones.
Paying Inheritance Tax: The Process
Paying Inheritance Tax can be a daunting task for executors and families, but understanding the process can make it more manageable. We will guide you through the steps involved in submitting an Inheritance Tax return and meeting the payment deadlines.
Submitting an Inheritance Tax Return
Executors must submit an Inheritance Tax return to HMRC, detailing the value of the deceased’s estate. This includes:
- Property values
- Investments and savings
- Other assets
- Debts and liabilities
It’s essential to accurately value these assets to avoid penalties. For guidance on valuing inherited property, you can refer to our article on Inheritance Tax and Capital Gains Tax on Inherited.
Payment Deadlines and Consequences
Executors must pay the Inheritance Tax due within six months of the deceased’s date of death to avoid penalties. The payment deadlines are:
- Initial payment: within 6 months
- Additional payments: as required
Failure to meet these deadlines can result in penalties and interest on the outstanding tax. We recommend consulting with a professional to ensure compliance and avoid unnecessary costs.
By understanding the process and meeting the payment deadlines, executors can ensure a smooth and compliant Inheritance Tax payment process.
Common Myths about Inheritance Tax
Understanding Inheritance Tax requires separating fact from fiction, as numerous myths cloud the truth. Many believe that Inheritance Tax is a straightforward process, but in reality, it’s complex and often misunderstood.
Debunking Misconceptions
One common myth is that Inheritance Tax is only for the wealthy. However, the reality is that many individuals who aren’t considered wealthy may still be liable for this tax, especially if they inherit significant assets.
- Myth: You only pay Inheritance Tax if you’re wealthy.
- Reality: Inheritance Tax can apply to a broader range of individuals due to the value of inherited assets.
Another misconception is that leaving everything to your spouse can result in no Inheritance Tax. While it’s true that transfers between spouses are exempt from Inheritance Tax, this doesn’t necessarily mean that Inheritance Tax is eliminated entirely, as the tax may still be due when the surviving spouse passes away.
The Truth about Gifts and Wealth Transfer
Gifts are often seen as a way to reduce Inheritance Tax, but this isn’t always the case. The truth is that gifts can be subject to Inheritance Tax under certain conditions, such as if the giver doesn’t survive for seven years after giving the gift.
It’s essential to understand the rules surrounding gifts and wealth transfer to make informed decisions about your estate.
By debunking these common myths and understanding the truth about Inheritance Tax, you can better plan your estate and potentially reduce your tax liability.
Planning for Inheritance Tax
Inheritance tax planning is an essential aspect of estate planning, enabling you to reduce the tax liability for your beneficiaries. Effective planning can help ensure that your loved ones receive the maximum benefit from your estate.
Effective Estate Planning Strategies
A well-structured estate plan can significantly reduce the inheritance tax burden. Some effective strategies include:
- Making gifts to beneficiaries during your lifetime to reduce the estate’s value
- Utilizing trusts to manage and distribute assets efficiently
- Creating a comprehensive will that outlines your wishes clearly
By implementing these strategies, you can ensure that your estate is distributed according to your wishes while reducing the tax liability for your beneficiaries.
The Role of Wills and Trusts
Wills and trusts play a crucial role in estate planning, enabling you to manage and distribute your assets effectively. A well-crafted will can help ensure that your wishes are respected, while trusts can provide a flexible and tax-efficient means of managing your estate.
“A good estate plan can make a significant difference in the lives of your loved ones, providing them with financial security and peace of mind.”
By incorporating wills and trusts into your estate plan, you can create a comprehensive and tax-efficient strategy for managing your inheritance tax liability.
Changes in Inheritance Tax Laws
The landscape of inheritance tax in the UK is evolving, with new laws impacting estate planning strategies. As we navigate these changes, it’s crucial to understand their implications on families and their estates.
Recent Legislative Updates
Recent years have seen significant updates to inheritance tax laws, including the application of inheritance tax to certain agricultural assets and pensions. These changes have altered the way families approach estate planning.
For instance, the inclusion of certain pension assets in the calculation of inheritance tax has meant that families must now consider these assets when planning their estates. This change has significant implications for those with substantial pension savings.
| Asset Type | Previous Treatment | Current Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural Assets | Exempt from Inheritance Tax | Subject to Inheritance Tax under certain conditions |
| Pension Assets | Generally Exempt | Included in Inheritance Tax Calculation |
Future Proposals and Speculations
Looking ahead, there are ongoing discussions about potential future changes to inheritance tax laws. These proposals could further impact estate planning strategies, making it essential for families to stay informed.
Some of the speculated changes include adjustments to the tax thresholds and allowances, which could affect the amount of inheritance tax payable. We must consider these potential changes when advising on estate planning.
As the landscape continues to evolve, we recommend regular reviews of estate plans to ensure they remain effective and compliant with the latest regulations.
Navigating Complex Family Structures
Inheritance Tax implications can be particularly nuanced for non-traditional family arrangements. As family dynamics continue to evolve, it’s essential to understand how Inheritance Tax applies to complex family structures, ensuring that your loved ones are protected.
Inheritance Tax and Step Families
Step-families face unique challenges when it comes to Inheritance Tax. When a parent remarries, the dynamics of their estate and how it’s distributed can become complicated. For instance, if a parent leaves their entire estate to their new spouse, there’s a risk that their children from a previous marriage might not inherit as much as they would have liked. Understanding the spousal exemption and how it applies is crucial. Transfers between spouses are exempt from Inheritance Tax, but this can still leave complexities, especially if there are children from previous relationships.
To mitigate potential issues, step-families can benefit from careful estate planning. This might include setting up trusts to ensure that both the current spouse and children from previous marriages are provided for. We recommend seeking professional guidance to navigate these complex arrangements and ensure that your estate is distributed according to your wishes.
For more detailed guidance on Inheritance Tax planning, especially in specific locations, you can refer to resources like Inheritance Tax Planning in Pilning, which offers insights into managing your estate effectively.
Considerations for Unmarried Partners
Unmarried partners face distinct challenges regarding Inheritance Tax. Unlike married couples, unmarried partners do not benefit from the same exemptions, potentially leading to a significant Inheritance Tax liability. It’s vital for unmarried partners to understand their position and plan accordingly.
- Consider making gifts to reduce the size of your estate and consequently lower your Inheritance Tax liability.
- Utilize allowances such as the annual exemption for gifts.
- Explore the possibility of setting up trusts to benefit your partner.
By taking proactive steps, unmarried partners can reduce the impact of Inheritance Tax on their estate, ensuring that their partner is well taken care of after they’re gone.
International Perspectives on Inheritance Tax
Different countries have distinct methods for handling inheritance tax, offering valuable insights for the UK and beyond. As we explore how other nations approach this complex issue, we can identify potential improvements to the existing UK system.
Comparing UK Inheritance Tax to Other Countries
The UK’s inheritance tax system is often compared to those in other developed economies. While some countries have similar thresholds and rates, others have more radical approaches.
| Country | Inheritance Tax Rate | Threshold |
|---|---|---|
| UK | 40% | £325,000 |
| France | 45%-60% | €100,000 (for direct descendants) |
| USA | 18%-40% | $11.7 million (federal exemption) |
The table highlights the diversity in inheritance tax rates and thresholds across selected countries. The UK’s rate is comparable to some European nations but differs significantly from the United States, which has a more complex, tiered system.
Lessons from Global Practices
Examining international approaches to inheritance tax reveals several key lessons. For instance, some countries exempt certain assets, like family businesses or farms, to preserve economic continuity. Others offer more generous reliefs for charitable donations.
- Exemptions for specific assets: Countries like France and Germany exempt certain assets, such as family businesses, to prevent forced sales.
- Charitable donations relief: The US and Canada offer significant reliefs for charitable giving, encouraging philanthropy.
- Progressive tax rates: Some countries apply progressive rates, taxing larger inheritances at higher rates.
These global practices offer valuable insights for potential reforms to the UK’s inheritance tax system, balancing revenue generation with economic and social considerations.
Resources for Further Information
Navigating Inheritance Tax can be complex, and seeking further guidance is often essential to ensure compliance and optimal planning. We understand the importance of having the right resources at your disposal.
Government Resources and Guidance
The UK Government provides various resources and guidance on Inheritance Tax, including detailed information on tax rates, allowances, and exemptions. For instance, the GOV.UK website offers comprehensive guidance on Inheritance Tax, including how to report and pay Inheritance Tax, and the deadlines for doing so.
Professional Advisory Services
In addition to government resources, professional advisory services can provide expert guidance tailored to your specific circumstances. Firms like STEP (Society of Trust and Estate Practitioners) offer directories of professionals who specialize in estate planning and Inheritance Tax advice. Utilizing these resources can help you make informed decisions about your estate and Inheritance Tax liabilities.
By leveraging these inheritance tax resources and seeking professional inheritance tax advice, you can better navigate the complexities of the UK’s Inheritance Tax system.
FAQ
What is Inheritance Tax and why do I need to pay it?
Inheritance Tax is a tax on the estate of someone who has passed away, including their property, money, and possessions. You may need to pay it if the estate’s value exceeds the outside the scope of IHT threshold, currently set at £325,000.
Who is liable to pay Inheritance Tax in the UK?
The executors or administrators of the estate are responsible for paying Inheritance Tax. This could be a family member, solicitor, or other professional.
What are the current rates and thresholds for Inheritance Tax?
The standard rate of Inheritance Tax is 40% on the value of the estate above the outside the scope of IHT threshold. The threshold is £325,000 for most estates, but it can be higher for certain cases, such as when a residence is left to direct descendants.
Are there any exemptions or reliefs available for Inheritance Tax?
Yes, there are several exemptions and reliefs, including spousal exemption, charitable donations relief, and relief for certain business or agricultural assets.
How is Inheritance Tax calculated, and what factors are considered?
Inheritance Tax is calculated based on the value of the estate, less any debts, funeral expenses, and other allowable deductions. The tax is then applied at the relevant rate, usually 40%.
What is the process for paying Inheritance Tax, and what are the deadlines?
The executors or administrators must submit an Inheritance Tax return and pay any tax due within 12 months of the deceased’s date of death. Payment is usually made from the estate before distribution to beneficiaries.
How can I plan to minimize Inheritance Tax liability?
Effective estate planning strategies, such as making gifts, using trusts, and maximizing allowances, can help reduce your Inheritance Tax liability. It’s also essential to review and update your will regularly.
What are the implications of Inheritance Tax for complex family structures?
Complex family structures, such as step-families or unmarried partners, may require special consideration for Inheritance Tax. Seeking professional guidance can help navigate these complexities.
How do Inheritance Tax laws compare internationally, and what can we learn?
Other countries have different approaches to Inheritance Tax, some with more generous exemptions or lower rates. Understanding these differences can provide insights into potential reforms or strategies.
Where can I find more information and guidance on Inheritance Tax?
Government resources, such as the HMRC website, and professional advisory services can provide further guidance and support on Inheritance Tax matters.
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The Residence Nil Rate Band and Transferring Unused Allowances
Beyond the standard nil rate band, two further reliefs can significantly reduce the inheritance tax liability on an estate: the Residence Nil Rate Band (RNRB) and the ability to transfer any unused nil rate band from a deceased spouse or civil partner to the survivor’s estate. Understanding how these interact is, in our experience, one of the most valuable areas of IHT planning for families who own property.
How the Residence Nil Rate Band Works
The RNRB is an additional threshold — currently £175,000 — that may be available when a main residence, or a share of one, is left to direct descendants. Direct descendants typically include children, stepchildren, adopted children, and grandchildren, though the definition can extend further in certain circumstances. The property does not need to be the deceased’s only home, but it must have been their residence at some point.
It is worth noting that the RNRB begins to taper once the net estate exceeds £2,000,000, reducing by £1 for every £2 above that threshold. For larger estates, this taper can eliminate the relief entirely, which is one reason early planning generally produces better outcomes. Full details of the relief and its conditions are set out on HMRC’s official guidance on the Residence Nil Rate Band.
Transferring Unused Nil Rate Band Between Spouses
When the first spouse or civil partner dies, any portion of their nil rate band — and RNRB — that was not used can typically be transferred to the surviving spouse’s estate. This means that on the death of the second spouse, the estate may benefit from a combined nil rate band of £650,000 and, where a qualifying residence passes to direct descendants, a combined RNRB of £350,000 — giving a potential total threshold of £1,000,000 before any inheritance tax becomes due.
In practice, this combined allowance is available to many married couples and civil partners passing their estate to children, making the £1,000,000 figure one of the most important in IHT planning. However, the transfer is not automatic; executors must claim it, and the relevant forms must be submitted to HMRC as part of the estate administration process.
The 7-Year Rule and Taper Relief on Gifts
Gifts made during a person’s lifetime may fall outside the scope of IHT entirely, provided the donor survives for at least seven years after making them. These are known as potentially exempt transfers (PETs). If the donor dies within seven years, the gift may be brought back into the estate calculation, though taper relief can reduce the tax owed on gifts made between three and seven years before death.
The taper relief percentages are applied to the tax due on the gift, not to the value of the gift itself — a distinction that is frequently misunderstood. Gifts made in years three to four before death are generally subject to 80% of the full IHT rate; by years six to seven, this reduces to 20%. Our team often finds that a structured and documented gifting strategy, considered alongside other reliefs such as Business Property Relief, can materially reduce an estate’s eventual liability — though the precise outcome will depend on individual circumstances and should be considered alongside regulated financial advice where appropriate.
Common Questions About Inheritance Tax
What is the most you can inherit without paying taxes?
The amount you can inherit without inheritance tax being due depends on the circumstances of the estate. For a single individual, the nil rate band is currently £325,000, frozen until at least 2030. Where a qualifying residence passes to direct descendants, the RNRB adds a further £175,000, giving a potential threshold of £500,000. For a surviving spouse or civil partner receiving a transferred nil rate band from their late partner, the combined threshold can reach £1,000,000 — covering £650,000 in nil rate bands and £350,000 in RNRB — before any IHT becomes payable. Amounts above these thresholds are generally subject to tax at 40%.
How much money can you inherit without paying taxes on it?
The answer is essentially the same as above: the tax-free amount depends on the size and composition of the estate, who is inheriting, and which reliefs apply. Assets passing between spouses or civil partners are generally outside the scope of IHT entirely, regardless of value. For estates passing to other beneficiaries, the applicable nil rate bands and any available reliefs will determine the threshold. Each estate is different, and the figures above represent the maximum available under current legislation rather than a guaranteed outcome in every case.
What is the inheritance tax on £500,000 in the UK?
If an estate is valued at £500,000 and the deceased was a single individual with no transferable allowances, the standard nil rate band of £325,000 would typically apply. The taxable portion would be £175,000, and the inheritance tax due would generally be £70,000 (40% of £175,000). Where the RNRB also applies — for example, because a qualifying property passes to a child — the taxable portion would reduce to nil, and no IHT would be due. The precise figure will always depend on the specific composition of the estate and which reliefs can be claimed.
How do I avoid 40% inheritance tax in the UK?
There is no single method, and it would be misleading to suggest any approach is straightforward or universally effective. That said, a number of reliefs and planning strategies may reduce an estate’s exposure, including making use of annual gift allowances, structuring assets to qualify for Business Property Relief, leaving at least 10% of the net estate to charity to access a reduced 36% rate, and ensuring that nil rate band transfers between spouses are properly claimed. In our experience, the most effective outcomes come from layering several reliefs together with early, documented planning — rather than addressing the issue close to death. We would encourage anyone with a significant estate to seek advice from a regulated professional, as the suitability of any strategy will depend on personal circumstances.
What date does the UK tax year end?
The UK tax year ends on 5 April each year and begins on 6 April. This date is relevant to IHT planning in several ways, including the calculation of annual gift exemptions (£3,000 per person per tax year) and the timing of other allowable transfers. Gifts made in one tax year that are not fully used cannot generally be carried forward beyond the following tax year.